Abordagens pedagógicas e sua relação com as teorias de aprendizagem / Pedagogical approaches and their relationship with the learning theories

A prática docente demanda o conhecimento de como o indivíduo aprende, como se origina e se desenvolve o aprendizado e como se transforma em experiência significativa de aprendizagem. O objetivo deste artigo é apresentar as concepções teóricas sobre o processo de aprendizagem dos indivíduos e sua relação com as abordagens pedagógicas adotadas nos modelos de cursos de graduação. Nesse sentido, os modelos pedagógicos foram agrupados de forma sintetizada, em modelos que se distinguem por estarem centrados no professor; no estudante; no saber; no meio de comunicação ou na técnica; no contexto social e na interação. Foram apresentadas algumas das principais vertentes discutidas na área da Psicologia do Desenvolvimento Humano, que influenciaram as tendências pedagógicas, como a Inatista, a Ambientalista/Behaviorista, e as Interacionistas. Discute a necessidade das práticas educativas serem conceitualmente fundamentadas.

Abstract: The teaching practice requires the knowledge of how individuals learn, how the learning originates and develops and becomes as meaningful learning experience. The objective of this paper is to present the theoretical conceptions of the learning process of individuals and their relationship to pedagogical approaches adopted in the models of undergraduate courses. In this sense, the pedagogical models were grouped in a synthesized form, in models that are distinguished by being centered on theteacher; on the student; in the know; on medium of communication or technique; the social context and interaction. Were presented some of the principal aspects discussed in the Psychology Human Development, influencing teaching trends, as Innate, the Environmentalist / Behaviorist, and Interactionist. Discusses the need of educational practices be substantiate conceptually.

Antiulcerogenic potential of Salvia officinalis L. extract in rats.

The objective of this paper was to evaluate the antiulcer activity of a crude ethanol extract of Salvia officinalis L. in a gastric lesion induction model. Male Wistars rats were housed in groups of five and fasted 12 hours before the experiment, receiving only water ad libitum. The experimental groups received oral doses of 50, 75, 100 and 150 μg/kg of the extract and the negative and positive control groups received distilled water and omeprazol (30mg/kg), respectively. One hour after each respective oral dose, the ulcer was induced with absolute ethanol. a further hour after induction, the animals were euthanized by CO2 camera, the stomachs removed and opened along the greater curvature. Data was statistically analysed using analysis of variance (ANOVA) followed by the Tukey method (p<0.05). The groups treated with Salvia officinalis L. extract at doses of 100 and 150 μg/kg showed significant changes in the four parameters evaluated. By reducing the total lesion area, a significant increase in the cure ratio was observed, suggesting a gastroprotective effect of the extract. This data demonstrates the potential use of Salvia officinalis L. extract for effective treatment of injuries caused by absolute ethanol.